Strengths And Weaknesses Of Presidential Government

Introduction Presidential government is in the form which the president is elected directly by the people and is the chief executive of the country (The Presidential System, 2016). The presidential system of government is used across the globe. The most talked about presidential government is probably that of the USA. The first presidential election in the USA is recorded in 1789 (Staff, 2010). The residential government in the United States is split into three branches; the president and his cabinet, Congress and the courts (Smith, 2016). This essay will examine the key strengths and weaknesses of Presidential government. This essay will look at the strengths of the presidential system such as that is can provide a strong relationship†¦show more content†¦For presidents, this means that their power is more legitimate as the people have directly elected him. (Teacher, 2013). This is a strength of presidential government because it means that the president has more control over his cabine t as the public has said that they want him to be their direct leader. This also provides more stability of government as there is clear who is the leader and who is in charge which helps the president keep everyone in check and make sure that the government is getting the job done. This is a strength of presidential government as it provides the people with a stable view of their government. Paragraph 3 The president is directly elected then leads to a stable government. In this system, the president has a fixed term in government and cannot be removed through a vote of no-confidence (Publish Your Articles, 2015). This means that the president is only allowed to be in office for a certain number of years. After each term is up a new mandate needs to run to decide who will replace the president in the next term or if the president will continue to serve in office for another term. ‘As a result of this feature, anybody interested in the presidency, patiently waits for his or her turn to have a shot at it.’ (Virtual Kollage, 2016). However, the president could be impeached. This does not mean that the president will automatically be removed from office, but it is the starting point. An impeachment is a form ofShow MoreRelatedComparing Parliamentary and Presidential Systems of Government741 Words   |  3 Pages2. Compare and Contrast a parliamentary system a presidential system, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses. Use specific examples. Do you think one system is more or less â€Å"democratic†. Why? Which system do you prefer? Why? In a parliamentary system of government the head of state (usually called a prime minister) is the head of the party with the majority of legislative representation. That is, unless one party fails to win a majority of the legislative seats or 50%+1. In that case the partyRead MoreComparing the American Presidential System and the Parliamentary System1975 Words   |  8 PagesComparing the American Presidential System and the Parliamentary System As at present constituted, the federal government [of the United States of America] lacks strength because its powers are divided, lacks promptness because its authorities are multiplied, lacks wieldiness because its processes are roundabout, lacks efficiency because its responsibility is indistinct and its action is without competent direction. Although this statement, by Woodrow Wilson, was made in the 1920s, it canRead MoreUnit Vii Case Study. William C. Sipe Student # 199928.1651 Words   |  7 PagesColumbia Southern University Government of Germany The government of Germany currently is a democracy where the executive and legislative functions fall on the parliament; this is a parliamentary government (Shively, 2014). After the fall of the Hitler regimen in 1949 the Germans rewrote the constitution so that the government’s power would be fragmented so no one person could ever have sole power over the country. According to Shively (2014) the â€Å"German government is a federal system so there areRead MoreHiv / Aids Impact And Intervention1538 Words   |  7 PagesCulture, Customs and Etiquette) Government and Current Political Leaders : the current Russian government is a â€Å"federal, semi-presidential, constitutional republic†, which essentially means it has both a president (Vladmir Putin) and a prime minister (Dmitry Medvedev). Health Minister and Health Care System : Health Care System is called ‘The Ministry of Healthcare’ or ‘Minzdrav’. It’s a federal executive body responsible for drafting and implementing government policy and legal regulation in theRead MoreDemocracy Is A Key Component Of Today s Society2223 Words   |  9 PagesThe government is a crucial component of today’s society. Its existence is important for a civilized community. Its definition includes the exertion of authority, administration of public policies, and the direction of its members or subjects. Along with the creation of laws, a government provides the country with infrastructure and services, and maintains a military and police force amongst other forces on behalf of the citizens of the country. A government works fairly and with justice when thereRead MoreHave Uk Prime Ministers Become More Presidential in Recent Years?1019 Words   |  5 PagesGOVERNMENT amp; POLITICS ESSAY HOMEWORK Have UK Prime Ministers become more Presidential in recent years? In recent times many commentators have pointed out that the UK’s Prime Ministers are increasingly acting like Presidents- of course the UK Prime Minister cannot actually become a President as the system would not allow it. Below I shall be analysing and explaining the factors that highlight the growth of presidentialism in the UK, as well as the points which suggest that the UK’s Prime MinisterRead MoreLockheed Martin Case Study Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagescontinues to be one of the largest government defense contractors. (Corporation, Lockheed Martin, 2010) Mission Statement â€Å"Powered by Innovation, Guided by Integrity, We Help Our Customers Achieve Their Most Challenging Goals†, is the companies vision statement. (Corporation, Lockheed Martin, 2010) Organizational Strengths As part of this SWOT analysis, we begin by highlighting some of Lockheed Martin’s strengths and weaknesses. We begin with the first strength, the company’s solid reputationRead MorePresidential and Parliamentary Systems of Government Essay2336 Words   |  10 Pageschoices of governing are the presidential system and the parliamentary system. Since both the presidential and the parliamentary systems have their own strengths and weaknesses, many scholars have examined these two forms of government, and debate on which political system is more successful in governance. In this paper, I will first provide a detailed analysis of both the parliamentary and the presidential system. I will also evaluate each system’s strengths and weaknesses, addressing any differencesRead MoreMr. Arend Lljphart Is An Author Of A Book Called Patterns Of Democracy944 Words   |  4 PagesMr. Arend Lljphart is an author of a book called Patterns of Democracy. The book examines the for ms and performance of governments in thirty-six countries. Patterns of Democracy is seventeen chapters long. Below, there will be a critical analysis of a claim or a particular theory in the first seven chapters on the merits of the claim or theory. To start with, chapter one is an introduction to what is to come. It claims that two models of governing - the majoritarian model and the consensus modelRead MoreSwot Analysis : Organizational Growth And Development1298 Words   |  6 Pages(non-controllable) variables. These variables are a part of the open systems theory that influence how and when the system grows. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis is a useful tool used to assess the affect these variables have on the organizational development. According to Virtualstrategist (2008), strengths and weaknesses are internal variables that are controlled by the organization and is considered primary points of data while opportunities and threats are

Essay about Demetrius in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer...

The Importance of Demetrius in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Nights Dream The character, Demetrius, in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Nights Dream, is very difficult to identify except by his relation to the one he loves, or, more particularly, to the one who loves him. Helenas ridiculous chasing after him and his irritation with her are the primary marks of his character. While in this state, he even begins to threaten Helena with bodily harm, coming off as not quite the gracious courtly lover he truly means to be. Its simple to discover his unchivalrous character by how easily his eye was distracted from Helena by Hermia in the beginning. He could be a gentle, loving man if he truly desired, but he takes satisfaction being put in his†¦show more content†¦And she is mine, and all my right of her I do estate unto Demetrius† (Egeus, 1.1.97-100). He depends on Egeus to display his affection and Egeus concludes by actually enforcing Demetrius love upon her. Initially in love with Hermia, he uses rudeness to ward off Helenas spaniel affection, being very ruthless towards the feelings of Helena: â€Å"Ill run from thee and hide me in the brakes And leave thee to the mercy of wild beasts† (Demetrius, 2.1.234-235). He cares nothing even for her life and just absolutely crushes her dear emotions. It always seems that he is usually taking advantage of the situations he is in, like when he tries to pursue Hermia due to Lysanders absence, but uses harsh words. â€Å"I had rather give his [Lysander] carcass to my hounds . . . And if I could, what should I get therefor (Demetrius, 3.2.66,80)? A privilege never to see me more. And from thy hated presence part I [so.] See me no more, whether he be dead or no† (Hermia, 3.2.81-83). Demetrius displays his awful characteristics with such demoralizing words and complete disrespect for Lysander. He will desire any hopes of attaining her affection. She scorns him after hearing these words, n ever wanting him to see her again. Since Demetrius had indeed made some convincing threats of violence against his unwanted love, Hermia automaticallyShow MoreRelatedWeathering the Storms of True Love1159 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the truth. Shakespeare presents the truth about true love in his comical tragedy A Midsummer Nights Dream. Lysander clearly stated loves situation when he told Hermia the course of true love never did run smooth (Griffiths 94). In some ways Lysanders declaration becomes the plays structural and thematic point by which Shakespeare uses to explore the storms of love (Bloom 12). In A Midsummer Nights Dream, Shakespeare uses young lovers to depict how love masters young people and pushes themRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe Unbridled Constraints of Shakespearian Romance For generations, Shakespeare’s masterpieces have remained at the peak of the ever increasing bar of literary works. A reason for this could be the inclination of everyday people to the consistent and underlying concept of romance in each of Shakespeare’s plays and related movies. For instance, one could look at the movies A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Shakespeare in Love. The latter follows the life of William Shakespeare himself, everything fromRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesA Midsummer Night’s Dream: by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born in April 1564. He had married at the age of eighteen to a twenty-six year old woman named Anne Hathaway in 1582. He had a daughter named Susanna and twins, Judith and Hamnet. Hamnet, his only son, died at age eleven. Shakespeare died in April 1616. Despite the fact that Shakespeare wrote some thirty-seven plays, owned part of his theatrical company, acted in plays, and retired a relatively wealthy man in the cityRead MoreOvids Phoebus and Daphne Compared to Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream520 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Phoebus and Daphne† the lustful Phoebus (Apollo) chases after the nymph Daphne who rejects love due to Cupid’s arrow. Centuries later, author William Shakespeare wrote A midsummer Night’s Dream where it is a woman who chases after a man. Helena is a woman in love with Demetrius yet he is in love with a woman called Hermia. In Shakespeare’s story, the typical love chase is reversed, he turned Ovidâ€⠄¢s story around but still keeping most of the key elements, just in reversed gender roles. In Ovid’s â€Å"PhoebusRead More William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream A Midsummer Night’s Dream could have easily been a light-hearted, whimsical comedy. Complete with a magic forest and a kingdom of fairies, it is an iconic setting for amorous escapades and scenes of lovers. But Shakespeare’s writing is never so shallow; through this romantic comedy, Shakespeare postulates an extremely cynical view of love. A Midsummer Night’s Dream becomes a commentary on the mystery of love, and lovers in general emerge shamedRead MoreMidsummers Night Dream1004 Words   |  5 PagesHow does the ‘play within the play’ enhance your enjoyment of the rest of A Midsummer Night’s Dream? If not, why not? I would argue that A Midsummer Night’s Dream  is one of Shakespeare’s greatest comedies. Comedy is in abundance in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, especially in ‘the play within the play’. ‘The play within the play’ is a key characteristic in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and deserves a thorough analysis as it holds a tight link to the main plot of this play. This part of the play takes upRead MoreMidsummers Night Dream1017 Words   |  5 PagesHow does the ‘play within the play’ enhance your enjoyment of the rest of A Midsummer Night’s Dream? If not, why not? I would argue that A Midsummer Night’s Dream  is one of Shakespeare’s greatest comedies. Comedy is in abundance in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, especially in ‘the play within the play’. ‘The play within the play’ is a key characteristic in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and deserves a thorough analysis as it holds a tight link to the main plot of this play. This part of the play takesRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Rationality In A Midsummer Nights Dream1058 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is not simply a light-hearted comedy; it is a study of the abstract. Shakespeare shows that the divide between the dream world and reality is inconstant and oftentimes indefinable. Meanwhile, he writes about the power of the intangible emotions, jealousy and desire, to send the natural and supernatural worlds into chaos. Love and desire are the driving forces of this play’s plot, leaving the di fferent characters and social classes to sort out the resultingRead MoreThe Duchess Of Malfi And William Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1035 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi and William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream women react to authority in significantly different ways. The authors focus both on women showing acceptance to power and women who shy away from it. In the plays, the Duchess and Hermia defy the abuse of power, while Helena and Cariola submit to it. In John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi, Webster uses the Duchess to signify courage and Cariola to signify faintheartedness throughout the play. The Duchess hasRead MoreEssay on Human Nature in Hamlet and a Midsummer Nights Dream1314 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous playwright, William Shakespeare. In both Hamlet and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare exhibits how love can control a person. To understand how love controls a person, one must understand that human nature is the sum of qualities and traits shared by all humans. All humans have exhibit love in one way or another, which explains how human nature relates to the controlling aspect of love. In Hamlet and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, conflicts between loyalty to family and friends, lack of trustworthiness

Computer Support Specialist free essay sample

After looking at various jobs, I find the computer support specialist position most interesting. There are many reasons why I think this career is most exciting: the computer support specialist provides technical support, assistance, and advice to individuals and organizations that are dependent on information technology. They can also work in organizations that provide computer systems for computer hardware and software vendors or a third party support services on a contractual basis such as help desk companies. There are two groups of computer support specialists; they are the technical support specialist and the help desk specialist. Work takes place at an office or a computer laboratory, although third party computer support specialists can either spend more time at a client’s work location or sometimes from a remote location. The amount of education to get this job can be from some formal college education to a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering, computer science, or information systems, although some people may only need a computer related associate degree. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Support Specialist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The position entails some on the job training, which can last anywhere from a week to a whole entire year, but the training is usually about three months. A few years ago in 2008, there were about 565,700 people that held this job. The job outlook for this career is very promising because employment for this job is projected to increase faster than any average job, and the job prospect is good especially with a college degree. About 18% of computer support specialists can find employment in the computer systems design and related services industry. They can also be employed in various industries like administrative and support services companies, financial institutions, insurance companies, government agencies, educational institutions, software publishers, telecommunications organizations, and healthcare organizations. The median salary for this job is about 33,680 to 55,990 dollars, the bottom ten percent median salary is about $26,580 and the top ten percent salary is about $70,750. Some related occupations are a customer service representative, who respond to customer inquiries on any computer related issue, a computer software engineer, who create software applications and ystems, and a computer and information systems manager, who oversee all the technical information aspect of a company. My chosen career path of computer support specialist can advance into an information systems managerial position or can lead into a computer engineering or customer service position. I believe that I would enjoy the computer support spec ialist position because I enjoy working with computers like running diagnostics and resolving problems. I always help my mom whenever she has some problems with our computer at home. Another reason that I like this career path is that I would be continually exposed to what is the latest in computer technology. I wouldn’t lose interest in the job because I would keep learning new things as information technology is always changing. One quality that I possess that will make me successful in this field is that I am smart, and I believe that I would be able to resolve computer problems even with high degree of complexity. Another quality that would give me an edge in this career path is that I am a hard worker, and I wouldn’t give up easily on any computer challenges that confront me. I also have good social skills and very patient, and these qualities would be helpful in dealing with computer users in a company, clients and customers. I find the computer support specialist most interesting and appealing, and I think that it would be an excellent career choice for me in the field of computer technology.

Meat Eaters vs Vegetarians free essay sample

Meats have more flavors than vegetables; this is because meats contains juices and are cook with different spices that have strong flavors. Some of these flavors are parsley, basil, garlic, salt, pepper, Worcestershire sauce etc. We are not telling that vegetarians don’t eat flavored food but the reality is that meat has lots of more flavors. In terms of taste, it depends on each people for example; vegetarians will say that their food taste better and the same with the meat eaters. But we look for information from the experts and Dr. Robert Madda in his internet page title â€Å"Meat Vegetables on the HCG Diet† certifies that our statement it’s true, meat has more flavors and taste better. The vegetarians eat healthier because of meat having saturated fat and high cholesterol. Meat eaters have more risk of having diseases and health problems such as heart attack or stroke from the vegetarians. Some studies show that vegetarians have less opportunities of having cancer. Meat can stay in your body up to 7 years and vegetable can be easy eliminated from the body. Some vegetarians are vegetarians because they are animal activist. Animal activist are those people that have compassion and want to end the mistreating and the cruelty of the animals. Some meats are not healthy because some suppliers inject chemicals and preservative so it could last longer. Vegetarians also have some health risk because chicken and fish have many different bacteria. Some studies tell that they have more bacteria than a toilet. Salmonella is a popular bacterium that you can find in chicken and fish. Salmonella is a bacterium that attacks intestine and blood stream. Some examples of its effects are diarrhea, fever and give you intense pain. Salmonella is not a deadly disease but you will feel like if you where going to die due to the huge pain. When it comes to food there is going to be always some problem because a bacterium, cholesterol, fats etc. As known meat eaters and vegetarians have typical foods. Meat eaters like every type of meat here are some example of different types of meats; steaks, cheeseburger, t-bone, fried steak, ham, pork, bacon, ribs, prime rib, lamb, veal etc. Meat eater usually like to have nest to the meat as a side order mash potatoes, baked potatoes, rice and beans, pasta and some times vegetables and salad. Our favorite plate would be a nice steak with baked potatoes, specifically a filet mignon there is nothing better. Vegetarian people also eat great food for example; they eat fish like red snapper, maji maji, grouper, tilapia, salmon etc. Also they eat chicken, salads and vegetables; for the vegetarian people a familiar plate that they eat is baked chicken with caesar salad. This vegetarian diet is very strict a difficult to follow. Recently vegetarian population is growing, a few years ago only 3. 2% of the population was on the vegetarian diet. Today according to vegetariantimes. om 10% of the American populations are vegetarian. But a study show that 5. 2 % of the population are interested in the vegetarian diet. A 59% of the vegetarian populations are woman and the average age of vegetarian people is 30. In the other side meat eaters are better known as carnivore. Carnivore is the same as meat eaters and this term is also used in animals. For example we can say that the lion is a carnivore animal. This means that when you are carnivore you depend mainly of the meat diet. Meat eaters also have can find diseases in the food. High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity etc. re some examples of diseases. We as carnivores recommend to all the others meat eaters that these diseases are not a joke and they should do go to the doctor at least twice in a year. But a the same time eating meat give you high quality proteins an it also require all the amino acid that your body needs. Meat contains high iron compare to plant and vegetable. It’s recommended to eat meat but in moderated quantities, also you should avoid eating bacon and salami because they are very high in fats. In conclusion meat eaters and vegetarians are extremely different. We can say that they taste different and have different flavor. The meat is the tastiest but the vegetarians are healthier. We are meat eaters because our island is full with flavors and we love to eat great food with great flavor. As meat eaters we respect the entire vegetarian community and we understand the reason of being one. At the same time we think that everyone needs to have at least a minor portion of meat because all the proteins and the iron that you will not find in a vegetarian plate. For us there is nothing like a huge plate of meat after work or after doing sport to recharge all the batteries. References Benefits Of Eating Meat. (n. d. ). Sikh Philosophy Network. Retrieved November 6, 2011, from http://www. sikhphilosophy. net/sikh-youth/14321-benefits-of-eating-meat. html Meat Eaters Vs. Vegetarians | Healthmad. (n. d. ). Healthmad. Retrieved November 6, 2011, from http://healthmad. com/health/meat-eaters-vs-vegetarians/ Smith, B. (n. d. ). What Is Salmonella And What Are Its Effects? | InjuryBoard Atlanta. Injury Board Atlanta | Georgia Personal Injury Attorney. Retrieved November 6, 2011, from http://atlanta. injuryboard. om/defective-and-dangerous-products/what-is-salmonella-and-what-are-its-effects. aspx? googleid=212314 What is the Difference Between Meat Eaters VS Vegetarians? | Health Related Articles. (n. d. ). Health Related Articles | Everything you want to know about your Health. Retrieved November 6, 2011, from http://www. healthforworld. com/what-is-the-difference-between-meat-eaters-vs-vegetarians life. , t. w. (n. d. ). Vegetarian vs Meat eaters Vegetariani sm In America . Vegetarian Times Great Food, Good Health, Smart Living. Retrieved November 6, 2011, from http://www. vegetariantimes. com/features

9 Obstacles To Writing a Blog and How To Overcome Them

1. Writer’s Block Step Away. Sometimes all you need is a break. Go for a walk, do the dishes, or craft for a bit. You’re looking for a physical activity that requires little mental concentration. This will give your mind a break and let it wander. Don’t be surprised if in the middle of vacuuming your living room an idea hits you. Just like anything else our minds need a reset button sometimes. Get Stimulated. Talk to a friend, scan your favorite social media, or read a book. Many of our ideas for writing come from our everyday live whether we consciously or unconsciously choose them. When you’re at a loss for what to write, interacting with fresh sources of information can help introduce new ideas to the creative parts of your brain. Scene Change. While it’s important to have a designated space for your writing, during about of writer’s block that space can start to feel like a jail cell. Give yourself a mental refresher by moving somewhere new. Instead of your office try the kitchen or playroom. If you have the ability, try a coffee shop, public library, or park bench. Many public spaces even those outside have WiFi connections: take advantage of them! 2. Time Write Every Day. This is a pretty standard rule for writers, but one that can feel overwhelming. Like any other craft, the more you do it, the better you become. However, sometimes this advice seems to imply that we need to produce mass amounts of work (500, 1,000, 2,500 words: hello NaNoWriMo!), but in reality all that you’re asking for is to write something each day even if it’s only one sentence. The point is to make writing a habit rather than a special activity. Multitasking. We think we can simultaneously write and check our email, Facebook, and online banking pages. Many of us sit down, intending to write, and end up multitasking our time away. Paid computer apps like Freedom, which stop you from surfing the internet and block social media sites, force you to concentrate. However, if you have tight pockets and willpower, a good rule of thumb is to only allow one window or tab open on your computer at a time. 3. Grammar Outsource It. Apps like Grammarly will check your work as you write for correct spelling, grammar, and word choice. Bonus: the program also gives explanations as it corrects you, so you have a better understanding of why the suggestion is being made. Read It. But don’t read it from start to finish. Your brain will skip over all of the mistakes because you created the piece; youre too familiar with it. For short or very important pieces try reading the text backward (from the end to the beginning); mistakes will become glaringly obvious. For longer pieces try reading them out loud. Again, you’ll hear mistakes you would have missed reading it silently to yourself. 4. Fresh Ideas Take a page out of someone else’s book. Take a look at other books or blogs you enjoy reading and look for trends. Do you like how they summarize a piece? Do you like the hook they use for their start? Is there a topic that interests you as well? Use what you like as a starting point and make it your own. Try a new meme. Look for weekly or monthly memes that you can participate in. You can find these via other blogs you read or a Google search for your subject matter and ‘memes’ (i.e. â€Å"book blog memes†). Bonus: participating and commenting via the meme will build a larger network. 5. Lack of confidence You learn something new every day. Always remember that writing, like all arts, involves a constant state of learning. Even in the best writers there is room for improvement. Be consistent in your writing and it will get better with time. Join a group. Find a writers group online where you can get feedback from others. You’ll find that not only will they offer constructive criticism, but they’ll also offer compliments on what you’re already doing well! 6. No Traction If a tree falls alone in the forest, does it make a sound? Answer: Who knows? No one is around to hear it. The same is true for your blog. Blogs are a very social space to write in. If you want more people to view and comment on your blog, you need to take the time to view and comment on other people’s blogs as well. Sharing is Caring. Supporting smaller memes, posting for giveaways, and hyperlinking out to other blogs when appropriate are all great ways to not only support other bloggers, but to put you on their radar to get support in return. Remember, you can also do this via the social media channels attached to your blog too! 7. Word Choice Go Old School. It’s called a thesaurus. It’s the book that’s kind of like a dictionary but instead of giving you a definition, it gives you a list of other words that have similar and opposite meanings to the word you are looking up. Thankfully sites like Thesaurus.com make using it simple. ProTip: highlighting a word in a Google Doc or Word document and opening the shortcut menu will give you the option for synonyms it’s a quick and easy way to get a new word. Rule of Thumb. Never use the same descriptive word twice in a single sentence or within two sentences of its first (i.e. John liked playing on the playground. Playing on the swings was his favorite activity. Changed to: John liked playing on the playground. Swinging on the swings was his favorite activity). 8. Negative Comments â€Å"Bye Felicia†. Sometimes haters are just going to hate. If you receive comments that are purely negative delete them and move on. Remember that you have many readers who enjoy what you write, even if they aren’t so active at commenting. The Golden Rule. Do unto others as you would have done to you. This means you don’t get to engage the commenter. Don’t have an argument with them on the comment boards, don’t email them nasty emails, and don’t go to their blog and trash them there. It will just make the situation worse Be Clear. Is the comment mean? Or does it offer constructive criticism? Remember, even if unsolicited, a critique of your work will only help you grow as a writer. 9. Idea A.D.D. A Plethora of Goodness . The opposite of writer’s block and yet just as paralyzing. When we have too many good ideas it can be difficult to pick, concentrate on, or follow through with just one. Try opening up multiple folders, documents, or posts and writing a description of a different idea in each space. Then pick one and devote a set amount of time to it (say 30 minutes) when time is up you can move on to another idea or stick with the one you chose if your creativity is on point. Bonus: the other documents you started can be great problem solvers when you’re struck with writer’s Block.

Free Essays on The Red Wheel Barrow

to draw a greater image for the reader. In â€Å"The Red Wheelbarrow† he gives us three separate images: the red wheelbarrow, the rain water, and the white chickens. The three images that Williams gives the reader are important to consider as a whole because they draw the scene. Williams who liked to write about small town life was writing about a farm. The wheelbarrow is the first and most important piece of the picture that Williams draws for us. The writer’s opening line serves the purpose of distinguishing the red wheelbarrow as part of a greater system. The wheelbarrow serves a primary function in the system of farming by allowing the farmer to move earth from one place to another. This is necessary for cultivating land and certainly makes agriculture possible. The fact that the wheelbarrow is red is suggestive of a more feminine symbol of the maturation cycle another cycle of life (Youngberg 153). The second image is of the rain water. Rain serves as a carrier for nutrients and hydrates plants on a farm. Williams uses the water as a symbol of growth. From a greater perspective the symbol water is one of purification. The rain water glazing the wheelbarrow is like a natural purification connecting the wheelbarrow to the earth (Youngberg 152). The third image that Williams paints is the white chickens. The chickens tie everything together ... Free Essays on The Red Wheel Barrow Free Essays on The Red Wheel Barrow The Weight of Words The first time a person reads â€Å"The Red Wheelbarrow† they feel weight behind the words. The poem is only one sentence, but it holds so much meaning that you can feel it in between the lines. It is so dense that reading it just once only begins to open the intricate symbols between the first word and the last. In only four short lines Williams draws a powerful image of man’s infinite connections with nature through a system of allegorical symbols and changes in point of view. Williams is an imagistic poet. Imagistic poets carefully chose their words to draw a greater image for the reader. In â€Å"The Red Wheelbarrow† he gives us three separate images: the red wheelbarrow, the rain water, and the white chickens. The three images that Williams gives the reader are important to consider as a whole because they draw the scene. Williams who liked to write about small town life was writing about a farm. The wheelbarrow is the first and most important piece of the picture that Williams draws for us. The writer’s opening line serves the purpose of distinguishing the red wheelbarrow as part of a greater system. The wheelbarrow serves a primary function in the system of farming by allowing the farmer to move earth from one place to another. This is necessary for cultivating land and certainly makes agriculture possible. The fact that the wheelbarrow is red is suggestive of a more feminine symbol of the maturation cycle another cycle of life (Youngberg 153). The second image is of the rain water. Rain serves as a carrier for nutrients and hydrates plants on a farm. Williams uses the water as a symbol of growth. From a greater perspective the symbol water is one of purification. The rain water glazing the wheelbarrow is like a natural purification connecting the wheelbarrow to the earth (Youngberg 152). The third image that Williams paints is the white chickens. The chickens tie everything together ...

Drinking Age in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drinking Age in the United States - Essay Example Young adults seem to be bigger binge drinkers that those who are of age to legally drink. It seems to me that in our generation, partying is more and more acceptable which causes people to forget about their responsibilities. The U.S. Surgeon General’s office has reported that lowering the drinking age would cause more â€Å"death from injuries, will play a significant role in risky sexual behavior, and is associated with academic failure and illicit drug use† (Wallace, para. 3). Underage drinking is very common in today’s society. According to the article The Over/Under, the average teen starts experimenting with alcohol use as early as age 13. And that the statistic is that â€Å"nearly one out of every five teenagers has â€Å"blackout† spells in which he or she could not remember what happened the previous evening because of heavy binge drinking† (Wallace, para. 7). Many colleges today are pushing laws to lower the drinking age to 18 because they believe it will decrease binge drinking. However â€Å"the National Survey on Drug Use and Health finds that 36% of 18-20-year-olds reported one or more days of heavy drinking in the past month† (Barnett, 2008). However, over 130 college presidents and chancellors announced that they were fed up with the alcohol abuse taking place on the campus atmosphere. They want to lower the drinking age because they know 18-20-year-olds drink anyways and have to try to do it secretly. They believe if the drinking age was changed to 18, they would be able to monitor the drinking and make moderate drinking the norm (Binge Culture, 2008). The argument against this proposal is that having the age be 21, the fatality rates are lower than they would be if they were 18. In 1984 when the MLDA was raised to 21,  and about 25,000 lives were saved by reducing the alcohol-related traffic fatalities (Barnett, 2008).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People who are in a favor of lowering the drinking age also argue that if an 18-year-old can fight for there country they should be able to legally drink. Eighteen-year-olds can vote, buy cigarettes, and live on their own, so basically some people believe laws should lower the drinking age because 18 years old is considered to be adult.

Corporate Training Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate Training Methods - Essay Example In the online environment learning is group paced, so all participants must be able to learn information at about the same speed. Self-paced technology training is often provided when new applications, systems or business processes are incorporated. Most employees participate in technology training in â€Å"the context of their employment, and they usually engage in conversations about the course with colleagues and managers†(Dobrovolny). I prefer this method of technology training for most most employees. As a manager or supervisor I will make sure that either someone within my organization knows enough about the new process or technology that will be used or I will bring in a professional who is experienced with it. I want employees to feel comfortable in their own environments while learning. I also want to encourage them to ask questions and to make learning something new that they may use on their jobs, as a positive experience. The best way to engage employees in the lea rning process is to provide them will all the tools such as workstations, computers and software they will need. I must also ensure that each employee works at his or her own pace, as the goal for the technology training is competency, not speed.

Managerial Economics Week 10 Individual Work Assignment

Managerial Economics Week 10 Individual Work - Assignment Example User charges get money from people and business in terms of charging the benefits they receive. Examples include charges in Laundromats, soda from vending machines, iTunes, pay-per-view movies on cable TV, and Netflix Course offered in higher education institutions vary in terms of depth and quantity of course materials and requirements. Some courses are more demanding than others depending on the depth of the curriculum and student involvement. On this note, some courses may need more resources in order to meet the learning objectives and outcomes. Such variability in courses would affect the amount of pricing set by higher education institutions. It is logical for students pursuing courses that are more demanding with regard to resources to pay more for the extra load their courses are using. Most universities therefore charge different fees for different courses depending on the level of involvement and resources that particular course requires. The approach seems to be fair to students and most importantly, to the university in terms of resource management. There are different types of funding approaches universities and other institutions of higher learning can adopt (Barr, 2004). Other than pricing schemes that charge different fees for different courses, other institutions charge the same fees to all students. Such a pricing approach may be burdensome to some students and on the other hand be lenient to others. The difference between the two types of students varies depending on income distributions. Due to varying income distributions and inequalities, some students may find it easy to pay the fees while other may struggle with the fees. Since the fees are standard for all students regardless of their family incomes, this type of pricing scheme may not be fair to students with low family incomes. On the contrary, the same pricing scheme may not be high for student from families

Reflective Practice in Nursing Communication

Reflective Practice in Nursing Communication This assignment looks at the study of theoretical reflection in conjunction with how effective communication skills can be developed to expand our knowledge. To achieve this I will explain what reflection practice is using models of reflection; evaluate theories of personal development what they are and how they are used. Discuss how reflective practice benefits communication skills and in turn influence our knowledge of nursing care. What is reflection? In scientific terms reflection is seen as light, heat or sound striking a surface to give off a reflection (Darlene 2006). Reflection is also seen as philosophical understanding of how one can gain knowledge through experience and use different approaches to the same scenario (ref). Reflection can be described as; meditation, deep thinking and or giving careful considerations to possibilities and opinions of a given situation (Mcferran and Martin 2008). The novel idea of reflection rose from a theorist John Dewey (1859-1952); his proposed view on reflection is described as persistent, active thinking and taking into consideration the supporting evidence that forms knowledge to the given situation. This theorist suggests that the person uses their mind and emotions to facilitate reflection (Bulman and Schutz 2008). This suggests that John Dewey describes reflective individuals has being open-minded, responsible and wholehearted (Vaugn and Leblanc 2011). Deweys perception of reflection was a platform for many authors to elaborate on in terms of understanding reflective practice. Johns and Freshwater (2005) propose that health professionals should find the meaning of reflection through description rather than definition because to define reflection is to suggest the author has authority over its meaning. This in turn allows reflections models and frameworks to be used intuitively giving a more holistic approach, it can be subjective and purpose driven (Johns and Freshwater 2005). Mann et al (2007) describes Schons (1983) view that reflection can happen in two ways: reflecting upon activities whilst they are happening called reflection in action (present reflection) and reflecting upon activities once they have happened (reflecting on the past). Reflection can also be seen as the engine that facilitates superficial learning into finding a deeper understanding that enables the practitioner to transform what is known to knowledge in action (Boud et al 1985 cited in Rolfe et al 2011). Reflection (Broad overview) Describe some of the different theories and models of reflection that are available and how they are used. Explain how reflection can aid personal development. Schon, reflection on and in action Models of reflection, Driscolls, Atkins and Murphy, Gibbs, Johns, Kolb. 750 words Reflection Model and frameworks There are many different models of reflection which seem to have similar philosophical theories attached to each approach. Rolfe et al (2011) asserts models are methodologies and frameworks are methods used to understand and give guidance on how use the chosen reflective model and models therefore are ontological this mean they have formal specifications for representing ideas and concepts that aim to improve personal growth and development. Models of reflection developed by Schon and Argyris (1992) involves three elements: (1) knowing-in-action (2) reflection-in-action and (3) reflection-on-practice (Ghaye and Lillyman 2010). Ghaye and Lillyman (2010) have extrapolated Schons work to include knowing-in-action; they propose that practitioners customise and tailor their own knowledge or theories to the situation presented. Knowing in action is described further by Carper (1978) who identifies five approaches to knowing in action; empirical, personal, ethical and aesthetic knowing ( Newton and McKenna 2009). Empirical knowing is the formation of knowledge organised into general laws and theories for the describing and predicting phenomena pertaining to nursing practice (Averill and Clements 2007). Empirical means of knowledge tends to seek out theoretical explanation which can be replicated and be publicly verifiable (Newton and McKenna 2009). Newton and McKenna (2009) further suggest that empirical knowledge can only be effective when it is interpreted within the context of given clinical situation and how it is assimilated into practitioners personal knowledge. Personal knowing described by Carper (1978) is about finding out how much we know about ourselves when faced with clinical challenges and that health care professionals may not necessarily know about the self but do strive to know about the self. Newton and McKenna (2009) state that Caper (1978) does reiterate that it is difficult to master however it is an essential in understanding nursing care. Newton and McKenna (2009) suggest that personal knowing demands a deeper level of understanding and awareness to communicate and interact with ourselves and others. This type of knowing requires the nurse to be empathic, nurse attempt to do this by developing a personal yet professional relationship between the patients as opposed to viewing a patient as an object (Newton and McKenna 2009). Moral actions and ethical choices are intertwined with personal knowing to which Carper (1978) suggests presupposes personal maturity and freedom. Ethical knowing is about the moral aspect of nursing that is concerned with making choices, making justifiable actions and judging outcomes (Newton and McKenna 2009). The main focus of ethical knowing is trained towards issues of obligations that would require rationalisation and deliberate reasoning (Carper 1992). Chinn and Kramer (2004) suggest that rational can be expressed through codes, moral rules and decision-making. Newton and McKenna (2009) assert that having knowledge of moral issues is not isolated to ethical codes of nursing disciplines for example the Code of Conduct written by the NMC (2010). Newton and McKenna (2009) assert that ethical knowing is only partly learnt through applying codes and moral rules but is more through experiencing situations that initiate reflection upon what is or has happened and how this affects patient care. Gibbs( date) Driscoll(dates)and Kolb ( date)all conjured reflective models which are each similar to one another; they are all cyclical reveals that learning through reflection about what is or what has happened is continuous cycle. Gibbs et al (1988) model please see appendix 1 (a) Do you know of any other models that perhaps dont take on such a cyclical approach†¦ consider the work of Chris Johns, Mezirow, Boud et al also†¦. How do they compare and contrast with each other? Why might one model of reflection suit one situation or context better than another?Think about which models promote single loop or double loop learning if you can. Reflective practice (Specific) Give an overview of how reflection is used in nursing. Explain its relevance to nursing and how and when it is used. Explore the concepts of reflective practice and critical incident analysis. Introduce use of reflection for personal development. CPD, self regulation. Identify the different situations where reflection can be used. Skills V critical Incidents what is a critical incident. 750 words Reflective practice is seen has using reflective techniques to improve, maintain change in clinical procedures and influence guidelines to encourage greater safety of patients in all areas of health organisations (Bulman and Schutz 2008). Health care organisations in the UK have undergone and still continue to undergo changes to how it is regulated (Rolfe et al 2011). The emphasis is largely associated with increasing patient safety and risk reduction (Rolfe et al 2011). The four main bodies in the UK; Royal College of Nursing (RCN), Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC) and General Social Care Council (GSCC) and General Medical Council (GMC) which are concerned with the controlling, training and regulating of the healthcare system in UK (Rolfe et al 2011). Evidence-based studies have taught the NHS and regulatory bodies how to change practices and procedures to create better outcomes for patients, they have also encompassed further development for staff to promote a better use of resources through continuing professional development CPD (Ghaye and Lillyman 2010). An example of this could be the pressure sore nurses taking on the responsibility of giving guidance to non-specialist nurses to take care of patients with such conditions. This could not have been achieved if it was not for reflective thinking being part of the learning process (ref). How do we use reflective practice within our day to day practice? Consider the approaches that mentors take when supporting students, look at the principles involved in preceptorship and clinical supervision†¦ Communication skills (Application) Discuss and analyse how reflection can be utilised to improve your communication skills in practice. Explore how and when you would use it. What practical steps would you take and what resources would you utilise and why. Link reflection in and on action to communication situations giving information (in), breaking bad news (on), then use of journals, models, writing, peer support. 750 words Conclusion Sum up 500 words You have made a solid start at this assignment so far and have introduced many ideas which are relevant to the topic. These themes now need to be explored in greater detail . You have a slight tendency to introduce theoretical concepts ( not all of which are uncomplicated) without fully explaining their meaning†¦. Take care to avoid this as just mentioning them does not mean that you understand them and we will be looking for evidence of understanding. You also need to pay attention to your sentence construction as there are several poorly constructed sentences noted so far†¦. Make sure that when you lift them from the text you have referred to , that you do adapt them to make sense in the context that you are trying to use them. I would like to have a look at this piece when it has been developed a bit more. You are definitely heading in the right direction though and overall have made an effective start.

A Day In The Life Of A Gnome :: essays research papers

A Day in the Life of a Gnome Once upon a time there was a gnome named Knob, who lived the far off land of Gnomania. Gnomania is a huge underground lair with only one entrance. The only entrance to this lair is by swimming down to the bottom of the ocean floor and knocking on a large clam. On the other side of this clam is an old grouchy gnome named Stubby whose only job was to keep the clam clean, and listen for the knock of incoming visitors. To assist Stubby in guarding the clam, he had a pet snark. A snark is an animal or pet that can be used as a watchdog. One day Knob went to visit his grandmother in the land of Gnollie which is about a guzillion centimeters away from Gnomania. On his way to his grandmother's house he ran across a garden. Upon stumbling on the garden, he decided to be thoughtful and pick some tulips for his grandmother. Tulips were her favorite snack. While approaching his grandmother's house, he found something to be very strange. His grandmother was hovering on an hummingbird, while picking apples from her tall twenty-foot appletree. After contemplating on this strange doing, he decided not to let it bother him. After seeing Knob approach her house, Knob's grandmother whistled for the hummingbird to bring her down so she could greet him. She greeted him with a loud burp which was a common courtesy among Gnomanians. After greeting him she also sprinkled him with some of her fairy dust. She handily carried it around in her turban. She naturally invited him in for dinner where they ate lots of mosquitoes. After dinner, they watched a cheap imitation of television. They used a big box to put different animals in and called it the Discovery channel. By the end of the day Knob was getting a little weary, so he decided to return home. When he returned form Gnollie his pet snark was there to welocme him home. He welcomed his snark back by feeding it fisheyes or to us humans dog biscuits. After the short snack, Knob and his snark went back to his teepee where they hibernated until the next morning. The next day Knob met up with his friend Door. Door was a runaway gnome who lived on the streets of Gnomania. They met one day by accident. Since Door lived on the streets, he had to steal food to survive. One day when Door was running away from a gardener he ran full speed into Knob.

Flatland

First Of all, the preceding ha If of the book dived into such detail as the protagonist, Square, explained the culture and many other aspects of flatland. For instance, he explained the the nature of other people, houses, class system et c. Afterward, once the novel proceeded into the latter half of the book, square began to experience other dimensions. At first, he had a vision of a single dimensional world, Leland. Here he attempted to explain the very nature of the second dimension to the king of Leland.This proved very ineffective as t he king was unable to comprehend other dimensions and proclaimed, † Instead of moving, you mere lye exercise some magic art of vanishing and returning to sight; and instead of any lucid description of your new World, you simply tell me the numbers and sizes of some forty of my retinue, facts know n to any child in my capital. Can anything be more irrational or audacious? Acknowledge your folly or depart from my dominions. † (peg. 51 ) T hough Square tried in many ways to help the kind of line eland to comprehend a second dimension, it was useless.Later on, Square got approached by a sphere re who attempted to explain the third dimension to Square. As though Square completely disregard deed the dream he had the night prior, he found great difficulty understanding the third dimension. He is only convinced when the sphere took Square outside Of flatland and into the third dimension. Here Sq rare had been able to look upon the same perspective as the sphere. Only in this instant did Square ace apt the sphere's words as truth After the sphere's work was done, he sent Square back to flatland where e it became his job to preach about the third dimension.Due to the laws against the belief of a third dimension, and Square's ewe obsession over this dimension, Square became imprisoned. This brings us up to present tense where Square is left in the prison, where he still attempts to convert his broth retro a believer of the th ird dimension. In my opinion, the author's purpose to exercise the imagination by worlds of other dimensions was accomplished fairly well. First of all, the whole book demands understand ins of another world and how the culture works. This put my mind to the test as being such a small boo k, the explanation of flatland was surely condensed.Secondly, the author uses complex language t roughest the book. Found this very interesting as the novel became a challenge to understand at some points. This helped my improve my vocabulary and also to better comprehend and even somehow at express writing in a more complex style. Overall, I enjoyed the majority of the book. Though in the beginning when flatland and everything within it was explained, I felt as though everything WA s merely a list to follow of what I needed to know about flatland. Believe that this section of the book could have been portrayed in a much more interesting manner.However, the latter half of the book was very intrigui ng as it contained the plot of the book. Lastly, one aspect of the novel which did not quite fancy was the portrayal of uselessness of women. For instance, the women in flatland are m ere lines and considerably unintelligent as proved in the explanation, â€Å"For as they have no pretensions t o an angle, being inferior in this respect to the very lowest of the Isosceles, they are consequently wholly y devoid of brainpower, and have neither reflection, judgment nor forethought, and hardly any memo y. (peg. 12) Perhaps being a feminist may make me have a little bit Of a bias, but I would much rather pr offer for women to be portrayed as equal as men. Though I did not enjoy this particular detail of the novel, there are multiple other things I found interesting. Many aspects of were intriguing to me. Firstly, the whole concept of worlds in other dimensions were at first hard to understand, but became easier as continue d with the book. This encouraged me to think how life would be fo r me if our world was constructed d of only two dimensions.Secondly, the idea put forth by Square about a fourth dimension was very into resting to me. To me, it seemed so simple to distinguish and understand the difference between the first, second, and third dimensions. However, was stumped as I tried to attempt to think of a world made up of four dimensions. Lastly, I also found the higher level vocabulary to be a great shall Eng. Though at some parts, it was difficult to get through a paragraph without using the dictionary a couple times, I enjoyed it nevertheless. Overall I enjoyed the book fairly well.Though the parts of the novel which I did slicked, the tedious beginning and women being the inferior gender, were very prominence t, the rest of the book was still immensely intriguing to me. The book played with my mind as I attempt d to picture a world of a fourth dimension, as well as others such as second and one dimension. I would d definitely recommend this book to others if they are looking for a challenging, but also interesting b ask to read. As long as they don't mind reading through the long introduction to flatland, I'm sure the eye would enjoy the book as much as did.

Essay on Racism Black People and Huck

Essay on Racism Black People and Huck Essay on Racism: Black People and Huck Ahmed Heiba English 12/14/12 Br. Jammoudy There have been many distrusts and conflicts between black and white people in the past, but as time changes people change too. Friendships between whites and blacks are sometime the closest and sometimes just never work out for some specific people. In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† when Jim was in the island with Huck he was so friendly with him even though Huck’s White. Unlike most black people at their time they weren’t racist to each other and went along very well because they knew that they needed each other a lot. Friendships between white and black people should be no different than any other. What makes them different other than their skin color, don’t they have brains too? When Huck escaped from his father and Jim escaped from the widow and they both met up at Jackson’s island, they needed each other a lot. Huck needed Jim’s forecasting like when Jim could tell that it was going to rain and other skills of Jim’s and Jim need Huck for all the materials he had including the canoe and some of Huck’s hunting skills. They both formed a great bond and became really good friends. They became friends to the degree that Huck could’ve told on Jim and won 300 dollars but Huck said he’d rather die than betray his friend. Today there are many friendships between white and black people but there are always these people that don’t prefer them and try to exclude them out of the society. In the novel, before Jim escaped to Jackson’s island he was a slave for the widow. He had to work for her and he wasn’t allowed to do anything else and for the work he would get food and that’s all. People around hi m would exclude him out of everything. He wasn’t educated even and didn’t used to talk to anyone but the little kids. This made him barely know how to pronounce words when he grew up. Teachers, who were all white, wouldn’t want

Why I Wish To Pursue Higher Education Essay Example

Why I Wish To Pursue Higher Education Essay Example Why I Wish To Pursue Higher Education Paper Why I Wish To Pursue Higher Education Paper Essay Topic: Education I believe myself to be a lifelong learner. Therefore, I consider both formal education and practical experience to be essential for my personal growth. Besides, I am convinced that it is education alone that is necessary to solve all problems of the world. Learning is the preliminary step in the right direction – that is, to solve all world problems. I trust the fact that learning can improve personalities, and refine human behavior as well as attitudes. Before completing my Bachelors degree in Interior Design from a private college in Saudi Arabia in the year 2005, I spent the summer of 2004 working as a trainee for a local interior design establishment. It was a marvelous experience, as it helped me muster my confidence to successfully complete my senior project in order to attain my degree. My senior project involved designing a Diving Center from scratch, all by myself. It was a creative experience that I thoroughly enjoyed. Moreover, it taught me a great deal about my own potential, as well as intelligence. Most importantly, I learned that I am capable of initiating and completing large-scale creative projects on my own, whereas countless others might experience lack of confidence in similar situations. Perhaps it was my experience with immense responsibility that inspired me to enter the world of business and finance in July 2005. I have been working with HSBC as a Customer Service Representative since. It is my job to guide customers to the right products after inquiring into their needs. I have been trained as a Teller. What is more, I have been honored with a couple of awards from the bank. My managers have often praised me as a responsible banker with high social intelligence. Apart from managing my responsibilities in the workplace, I have taken a number of computer courses after completing my degree. I have also successfully passed the Test of English as a Foreign Language. In addition, I have continued my reading habit that encompasses a large number of subjects. At present, I am prepared to join a higher education institution. I would like to attain a higher degree so as to move forward in my career. I am confident that higher education would open up a new world of opportunities for me. Additionally, it is vital for me to continue learning before I am able to establish myself in a position to educate the others. While a huge number of people might desire higher education only to earn higher salaries, I believe in serving the community with the knowledge that I have gathered. My successes at academic institutions and work have motivated me to take up leadership roles in future. I envision myself as a high achiever. Hence, I would not only endeavor to perform brilliantly at my higher education institution, but also as a professional after completing a higher degree. I believe that it is only lack of education that is keeping humanity from taking the next step in its evolution. The wars, the famines, and the poverty around the globe are lessons that are prompting us to move ahead with enlightened minds. The world requires a greater number of motivated and educated people. For this reason, I am confident of the fact that I can add value to my world through higher education.

Compare and contrast the influences of culture and religion in Essay

Compare and contrast the influences of culture and religion in sciences in ancient Greece and the Islamic empire - Essay Example elf is quite vast and it will probably be very difficult to cover all the points which can be made about the similarities and differences of how culture and religion affected the scientific developments of the ancient Greeks or the early Muslims. In fact even a brief retelling of their combined histories can take up many pages but I shall endeavor to cover the salient points which I came across while researching this topic. To better understand the differences and common elements it would be easier if each civilization is examined in detail on an individual basis while providing links to the other. Ancient Greece is rather difficult to pinpoint in terms of historical timelines since there is little agreement on the exact dates of the existence of this culture (Bower, 1991). The historians are in general agreement that all Greek history which came before the Roman Empire is a part of Ancient Greece. There are several periods in this society which are depicted by the art and culture as it existed in those times. Pottery samples and statues have often been of use in marking timelines for various periods of ancient Greek culture. But while the start of the Greek civilization may be questioned, its end is generally taken as the death of Alexander the Great. Amongst the many achievements of this culture are wonderful advancements made in the field of science. The made many discoveries of importance particularly in the areas of mathematics, agriculture, animal husbandry, economics and (perhaps most importantly), philosophy (Magner, 2002). Greek culture itself laid a very high value on the ability to speak to an audience and motivate them to do something or the other (Goldstein, 1995). This was the fundamental art of verbal and written rhetoric which basically had someone prove something to others. This cultural influence can be clearly seen in the way the philosophy and the mathematics of the Greek culture operates where very little abstraction is used and most of the

Velocity 3 - Part II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Velocity 3 - Part II - Assignment Example This is because I have had a personal experience with my organization where we attempted to facilitate revenue generation through throughput put because there was lack of understanding among the team, we failed totally. It is therefore recommended that the ability to identify constraints and use throughput by your organization should be done on a regular basis so as to ensure that the people get the needed experience to do it right (Goldratt Institute, 2009). Indeed, there is sufficient evidence in literature to support the fact that blame game has never helped in the growth of organizations, as it leads to a situation where management refuse to tackle the actual problem but only the symptoms of it (Corbett, 2006). It is for this reason that I find the second passage you talked about very useful and important. Adding my insight to this, I would say that based on the velocity methodology, it is always important to see people as facilitators of change and therefore learn to make the most out of them (Jacob, Bergland & Cox, 2010). This means that even if people within the organization are found to be the cause of certain problems, instead of lambasting these people and discouraging them, they could be empowered t understand how they can personally contribute to the success of the organization. Once this is done, everyone would begin to benefit from

International Asia Pacific Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Asia Pacific Business - Essay Example hile formulating the strategies, the organizations’ leader and the management team will firstly look at the factors that may aid them to make a successful entry. After analyzing the positive factors, the firms will or should have to analyze the challenges that may impede its entry. As every foreign market or country will have different political, social, economic conditions as well as different customers, competitors, prospective employees, etc, etc, there will be many challenges, which will block the firms’ success. Also, there will be country specific challenges as well as industry specific challenges in those foreign markets. For example, the Asian country of China has some distinct aspects, which will surely act as a challenge for the new firms, who are planning to enter it. Likewise, the retail industry in China also has some inbuilt challenges, which may impede the foreign invested retail firms, who may plan to make an entry into China. So, this paper will analyse and asses the challenges faced by Foreign invested Retail firms in China. In the earlier decades, the cheap Chinese products only entered various countries’ markets. But, now seeing the potential of the Chinese economy and the market many foreign firms or foreign invested firms have entered or entering the Chinese markets. The other thing, which is enticing the foreign firms including the retail firms, is the huge population, which translates into the biggest market of the world. â€Å"Most of the world’s major global retail firms are desperate to grab a slice of the world’s largest and most rapidly growing emerging market† (Gamble, 2006). Apart from these two important aspects (high economic growth and huge market), the main thing that allows the foreign firms to enter China including its retail sector is the relaxation of many restrictions imposed by the Chinese Government. China being a Communist country functioned behind an â€Å"Iron Curtain†, restricting the foreign firms to protect

Cultural Influences on Eating Out Habits in the Uk Essay Example for Free

Cultural Influences on Eating Out Habits in the Uk Essay Society today has become accustomed to dining out. It has become a large part of British culture according to a survey carried out by Mintel entitled ‘Evening Eating Habits in the UK’ (2005). Dining out at ethnically themed restaurants and takeaways has increased in recent years due to many different economic, social, and cultural forces. These forces vary from the presence of a more affluent society with higher expendable incomes to the increased ability to travel to exotic far away places around the world creating a consumer want for recreation in the UK of their holiday experiences which include dining out. The report also highlighted the fact that 75% of the eating out market is dominated by those eating out in the evening which equates to ? 20. 7 billion a year. This market is one that can not be ignored by those within the hospitality industry and those businesses that already experiment with exotic foods will gain the opportunity to experiment further with their menus, using higher priced ingredients to increase profit margins. Although there are many possibilities available as the trend widens it is suggested by the author that a trend alone cannot allow for increased business. Higher profit margins for more expensive ingredients will mean that the consumer will start to expect more from the restaurant or takeaway in question. Such qualities as ambience, service, food standards, variety of menu, and recreation of an experience the consumer may have had whilst on holiday may also come into the equation. Large brands such as YOsushi! are cashing in on the market trends by serving a variety of sushi dishes in a fun and friendly way. Japanese food such as sushi is often deemed as a much healthier option to over take in popularity other ethnically themed cuisine such as indian and chinese dishes (Martin, 2007). Sushi is based primarily around raw fish, rice, and vegetables (YOsushi! 2007) and therefore the author suggests that due to a more multicultural society in the UK this has lead to different ideals being set for healthier eating however it is noted by the author that although the ingredients used to make the western ideal of sushi are deemed as healthy the preparation and cooking methods may not result in an end product that is altogether free of those things seen as unhealthy due to the inauthenticity of production. Although large companies such as YOsushi!are succeeding in a very competitive business environment, how will such a shift in eating habits affect the smaller local businesses? According to Mintel (2002) one of the main reasons smaller businesses within the ethnically themed cuisine market are suffering lower profit margins is due to the lack of branded outlets, but the author suggests that this could be due to other issues such as the recent healthy eating trend which has caused many consumers to re-evaluate the content of the takeaway food that they consume therefore choosing healthier options instead. This essay will attempt to identify the reasons why a consumer will choose to dine out over eating at home, and then their reasons for choosing one hospitality venue over another. This should help to understand the growing market for ethnically themed restaurants and takeaways. The contributing economical, social, and cultural factors of increased consumption of ethnic cuisine will be explored further making suggestions to the hospitality manager on how to understand their target market therefore aiding a more profitable business. It is important for any business to understand a consumers’ motivation to buy or use a service â€Å"A motive is an internal energy giving force that directs a persons activities towards satisfying a need or achieving a goal† Dibb et al (2001, pg. 121). Before a consumer enters any hospitality venue there may be many different factors that have affected their motivation to choose that particular restaurant or takeaway over another. It may be such basic factors as location, price, and the service they are provided with once inside the establishment, choosing on this basis is known as ‘patronage motives’. For an ethnically themed restaurant or takeaway to make the most of these motives they should be aware they are around them and attempt to emphasize said factors within their personalized marketing mix. It is suggested by the author that this can be achieved with simple marketing ploys such as 2 course lunch menus, or a drink and a main course at a set price. By strategically placing the offers where the consumer will see them is more likely to attract them to try the service that is provided, and possibly provide return custom when the special offers are not available and they will choose from the full price menu instead. It is suggested by the author that this form of marketing can be applied anthropologically as the consumer will not only judge the food outlet based on the price but also on how that price fits in with the image of the food product and its connection to the time and culture it represents. A good example of strategic marketing for ethnic food is that of ‘China Town’ in London, many of the restaurants offer all you can eat buffets at low prices, and set menus that will attract many types of customers from those people wanting a quick lunch away from the office to tourists who have been attracted by the hearsay and theme of such a place (Anon, 2007). 60,000 Chinese people of diverse origins live in London there is a large network of Chinese schools and charity based community centres that offer support so that a sense of cultural identity can be passed down from one generation to the next. This sense of cultural identity may be passed down for several reasons, Auge (1995) suggests that there is some sense of fantasy where as the environment they live in was founded a long time ago expressing a group identity that they feel should at all times be defended from external and internal threats and not forgotten through the generations. Although ‘China Town’ is now seen by the local council as a tourist attraction (Anon, 2007), it was originally a safe haven for the many migrants coming to the UK in the 1960’s, many of the british soldiers that returned from war in the Far East having enjoyed Chinese cuisine founded a new loyal customer base for the cuisine in the UK and this is how that particular area of London became known as ‘China Town’ (BBC. 2007) Although China Town is now a tourist attraction it should be noted that it is also a meeting place for many Chinese people who feel a sense of community and cultural identity. Unfortunately since Westminster council started a multi million pound re-development of the area this has seen the closure of many of the smaller authentic chinese restaurants in favor of more chinese ‘themed’ restaurants that will appeal to the average tourist (Anon, 2007). It is suggested by the author that this could cause many negative issues for the cultural identity and sense of community that exists within China Town where as the authenticity and history behind such an area of London are forgotten in favor of providing the tourists with an unrealistic representation in hopes of higher profits and visitor statistics. However it is noted by the author that there has always been an element of staged authenticity in China Town because the original cultural background was replicated in the first place. Although ‘patronage’ motives play a key part in the consumer decision making process there are many other motives to consider such as the suggestion that food choices are actually part of a person’s identity for example a consumer who chooses to dine at restaurants that only use local produce is likely to be seen by other consumers as someone who is not only concerned with the food that they eat, but also where it has come from and whether it benefits their local communities economy and local identity. Local produce has over the past decade been linked to geographical, historical, political, legal, economical, social and cultural issues therefore allowing the consumer to view it as a multi faceted cultural entity. Those consumers who are concerned with choosing only local produce relates to the idea of territory, and the limitation of space while respecting the environment around them. (Auge, 1995) There are two key theorists in relation to consumer motivation Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg. Maslow believed that a persons needs are based on a hierarchy arranged with the least important factors at the bottom and the most important at the top. This arrangement starts with physiological needs followed by safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and finally self actualization. Once part of the Triangle (see appendix I) is satisfied then the consumer will move onto a fulfillment of the next level for example a man enters a chinese restaurant and eats because he is hungry then the physiological need is fulfilled, he may then go on to have a drink with friends to fulfill his esteem needs. â€Å"When that important need is satisfied, it will stop becoming a motivator, and the person will try to satisfy the next most important need† Kotler et al (2003, pg. 354). Frederick Herzberg developed Maslow’s theory and separated a persons motivators in to potential satisfiers and dissatisfiers. In Terms of Maslow and Herzberg’s theories being applied in an anthropological sense the author suggests that this refers to culture, identity and symbolism of food consumption as part of the needs felt by the consumer, furthermore esteem needs, social needs and even self-actualisation are all part of what the consumer deems part of their individual or cultural identity. For this to work a person must have enough factors that are going to satisfy them into choosing one ethnically themed restaurant over another. For a hospitality operation to put this theory to use they would need to avoid as many potential dissatisfiers as possible and concentrate on what the major satisfiers of their target market are, this may just cause the difference between a consumer choosing one restaurant over another that is just around the corner. Therefore it is suggested by the author that given the large number of decisions a consumer has to make when choosing an ethnically themed restaurant or takeaway, and the impacts that a multicultural society has on the consumer as an individual it is necessary to explore how and why consumers might influence one another to make a purchase decision based on food consumption. Firstly religious aspects of an individual within a group will play a key part in determining what food type they can consume. A child born into a family with strong religious beliefs will often take these beliefs as part of their individual identity, A good example of this is that of the consumption of ‘halal’ meat products by many muslim families throughout the UK. According to the Halal Food Authority (2007) the worship of Zibah means that animals have to be alive and healthy at the time that they are to be slaughtered, as little pain as possible must be endured by the animal during slaughter therefore a single cut is made with a sharp knife to the jugular vein. The Islamic Shari’ah religion also forbids the consumption of pork, and Halal meat must be prepared only in a situation where no pork products have been. Although there are many ethnic takeaways and smaller businesses providing halal or ‘kosher’ food, there are not many big brand names within the industry. Nando’s restaurant, a Portuguese themed food outlet, provides halal chicken in what they have branded world famous peri peri sauce. Nando’s have eased themselves into the local communities in which they reside by using the slogan â€Å"we believe in trying to make life better for all† (Nando’s, 2007). Offering local sponsorships of sports teams and supporting local charities has included the brand in a sense of community and cultural identity, it is noted by the author that the sense of community and cultural identity is referred to in a general sense rather than that of a particular local community. To continue the idea that consumers can influence one another the concept of traditional family mealtimes should be explored. Family mealtimes in the past decade would have been a time for the family to sit down, relax and enjoy each others company with a home cooked meal. In society today mealtimes are changing to meet new priorities and work patterns, and flexible eating patterns are becoming more popular as people base when they eat around their lifestyle rather than a structured day to day meal time for the whole family to adhere too. (Wright et al, 2001) It is suggested by the author that due to this shift in family unity at mealtimes less influence is being had over family group identity and a more decisive individualistic consumer will emerge instead with their own food choice preferences. However it is suggested by the author that the idea of a more individualistic consumer is more relevant to British culture and many other cultures residing within the UK may still enjoy unified meal times together as a family. In many ways it is a move forward in terms of identity and consumption of the consumer, one that the hospitality needs to be aware of to maintain a successful business. Friends and social groups can also influence one another in the food choices that they make, for example a group of friends who regularly meet up at coffee houses such as ‘Starbucks’ will adopt a coffee culture the same as that represented on popular television shows such as ‘friends’. This happens because of the regular use and social identity that is created (Food Institute, 2005). It is noted by the author that social groups that contain consumers of different cultures and backgrounds, may influence one another to desire the need to experience each others cultural identity. There are many reasons why a consumer may choose to eat out in the first place according to Cousins et al (2002, pg. 251) â€Å"If people have decided to eat out then it follows that there has been a conscious choice to do this in preference to some other course of action, in other words the food service operator has attracted a customer to buy their product as against some other product for example theatre, cinema, or simply staying at home†. Often the convenience of eating out over cooking at home will help make the decision for a consumer. Eating out means more time for relaxation, quality time with family or friends, or just a change from the norm of returning from work and cooking dinner. The increase in the number of consumers choosing to dine out follows changes that have happened over the last decade where as family identity and roles have changed, with most households having two incomes and often the women will be the primary earner whereas before the women would stay at home and perform the role of ‘housewife’. According to a recent survey (eating out and the consumer, 2007) only 8% of women see their main role as ‘family care’ compared to 15% just a decade ago, the survey also highlighted the fact that women are more concerned with healthy eating when dining out, with 76% of women agreeing compared to 41% of men. This could have an effect on the number of consumers choosing to dine at ethnically themed restaurants and takeaways as it is suggested by the author that as women are more concerned with healthy lifestyles for their families and will aim to choose an operation that can provide healthy nutrition, value for money, and good service as well as a sense of culture that is relevant to that particular family according to Mintel (2007) this will continue to be a growing factor in the choice of dining out establishments as more women seek full-time employment over the next five years. The change of roles in family lifestyles follows onto that of demographics. According to the Office for National statistics (2006) London consumers spend an average 60% more on dining out than consumers from other parts of the country such as in the North East of England. This can be seen in London with the success of ethnically themed restaurants and takeaways such as Belle Italia, Cafe Rouge, Pizza Express, and Franky and Benny’s (Tragus, 2007). Many of these franchisees can be seen throughout the country but the survey carried out by the Office for National statistics (2006) also showed that those companies who left high profit areas such as London to nationalise their brands got their ‘fingers burned’. The author suggests that this inability to mobilise a new brand into an area of the country may stem back to the area’s cultural identity based on the general perception of that culture, where as the consumer does not feel that the new brand is part of their personal identity and therefore is not part of the communities identity either. Identity can be associated with the repeat consumption of a particular restaurant or takeaway, for example a consumer who constantly eats at Chinese, Indian, and Greek takeaways may eventually adopt a fast food culture. The fact that so many people are choosing to dine out comes back to the notion that today’s society is more affluent, higher expendable incomes and more leisure time leading to a consumer that enjoys dining out on a regular basis. It is however noted that by the author that the trend for increased dining out may also relate to a new culture of ‘malaise’ whereas people are just too lazy to cook at home and therefore choose to dine out. According to Martin (2007, pg.3) â€Å"people will pay more for what they think is important, but the question for the eating-out market is what is going to be classed as really discretionary and what virtually essential? There is no sign that people will start cooking at home again, they will however most likely want better value†. The author suggests that better value can mean numerous factors such as better quality and service rather than just providing a less expensive dining experience. Therefore those ethnically themed restaurants using high quality ingredients and experimenting with menu changes towards the more exotic may find an increased custom due to the perceived ‘value’ in the consumers ideals. Many people want variety within their lifestyle, there are so many venues within the hospitality industry that offer something that a consumer may never have tried before or only experienced on holiday in a far away exotic place, this relates directly to the increased consumption of ethnically themed foods and plays a key part in attracting new customers and maintaining a loyal customer base. As mentioned earlier YOsushi! is one of the worlds most famous conveyor belt restaurants, the food is all freshly made to order and is prepared in full view of the customers. It is interesting to note that the conveyor belt restaurants in Japan are nothing more than a basic food outlet where customers can get a quick bite to eat on their way to do something else as stated by owner of London sushi bar ‘Itsu’ Mr Metcalfe (2007) also stating that the conveyor belt is a great way to get food to customers whilst saving money on staffing costs. It is suggested by the author that this shows the cultural changes that have taken place in providing the same concept in two different countries so that they both remain profitable. Japan on one hand prefer the sushi conveyor belt restaurants to be quick no fuss food where as in the UK they are somewhat staged, bringing a little piece of what the British believe to be how Japan prepare, and eat their food almost ritualistically (Metcalfe, 2007). Since opening in 1996 YOsushi!has become extremely popular, their no fuss attitude to service and the customers freedom of choice within the venue has produced a global brand â€Å"Since the first year of business (1996) YOsushi! has received approximately 300 applications per year from potential franchisees from Australia to Zurich. We realized we were on to a winning formula and that we could replicate the outstanding YOsushi! success story around the world†. Vickers (2005). It is suggested by the author that the success of ethnic brands such as YOsushi!is the effective use of consumer motivation combined with the provision of a market trend that integrates both healthy yet exotic ethnic food types. Although brands such as YOsushi! have become globalised many of the dishes that are recreated from one country to another tend to have a very different end result to its original form. This will happen for several reasons starting from simple facts as seasonality of produce to the availability of certain ingredients. for example a curry had in India is likely to look, taste, and even smell different to that of a curry in the UK such as the ‘Balti’ which is believed to have been invented in Birmingham. (Anon, 2007). Birmingham is renowned for the production of curries with around 500 venues to choose from (Anon, 2005) and has provided a steady economy for the ethnic food industry, the word ‘Balti’ when translated actually means ‘bucket’ which in earlier days would have meant an earthen dish with handles on. The Balti will identify culturally with a specific set of migrants, even though it is not an ‘authentic’ Indian dish, and residents of Birmingham and the surrounding region, therefore the author suggests that the dish has been redefined from a traditional dish to one that combines not only the ethnic roots of the inventor but also the environment that is now lived in within western society. Although the cultural identity of foods such as the Balti appear to create an economical advantage for Birmingham it has been noted that many Balti-house owners and managers spend their time constantly undercutting each other in a price war (Ram et al, 2000) making it difficult for each individual business to survive. The cultural identity of Birmingham is very much tied to the popularity of dishes such as the curry the author suggests that this may be because of the stereotypical cultural image of the traditional British friday night out, but according to Stewart (1989) less well known is that of the fish and chip shops that are Greek-Cypriot owned and add up to over 25% of Birmingham’s fish and chip shops therefore showing that Birmingham is a good example of a multicultural environment within the UK, even though it is often not perceived to be a ‘global city’ its economy is evolving in many ways through the ethnic food industry that is related to its â€Å"multiculturalism, post colonialism and the transnationalism of many of its residents† (McEwan et al, 2005) , as suggested by Bryson et al (1996) it is a â€Å"workshop of the world† that through its migratory and post colonial past is by all means a multicultural city within the UK. It is noted by the author that although Birmingham is a good example of a multicultural city within the UK there are many other cities that also benefit from a multicultural society such as Manchester and Nottingham. In conclusion there are many different factors that affect the way consumers are motivated to choose where to dine out, these have varied from patronage motives to those of cultural identity and a sense of community. Religion, Income, increased leisure time, and demographics have all played a key part in influencing consumers on their food choices, leading to a society that is more informed about what is available to them and what they want from their dining out experience. The changing roles of family life, eating patterns and the increased number of women working full time has also contributed to a society that want to enjoy their leisure time with friends and family rather than adhering to the role of women in the home that may have been present a decade ago. Ethnically themed restaurants and takeaways have enjoyed the trends that have increased the number of people dining out in the UK dramatically in the last decade, with consumers including their food choices as part of their cultural identity and also wanting to experience other cultures that are residing alongside one another within many cities in the UK. Ethnic cuisine is influencing the consumer more and more, with choices available from world wide destinations that remind the consumer of holiday experiences, alongside the perception of a ‘healthier’ food option within the rise of a much more multi-cultural society, the service of ethnically themed cuisine should continue to remain profitable to both large brands and smaller businesses within the industry as long as the hospitality managers understand their target markets motivation for buying and consumer demand remains constant.

Stereotyping of Hispanics in Hollywoods Films Essay -- Movies Films E

Stereotyping of Hispanics in Hollywood's Films "[Cinema] manipulates the human psychology, sociology, religion, and morality of the people..."(Cine-Aztlan 175). I has been said to be used by capitalists and socialists as a powerful weapon in the struggle for social justice. In all the Hollywood films and documentaries about Mexicans and Mexican-Americans, none have escapes stereotypes. And it hasn't gone unnoticed. Thomas Martinez states that the "symbolic function of advertising in one level of understanding the racist implications of the mass media, especially regarding the Mexicans and Mexican-Americans"(Camplis, in Noriega 284). To completely understand Latino's struggle for liberation, the term "Raza" has come up repeatedly in the vocabulary for freedom on an encompassing scale. The term is used to incorporate the experiences of Native Americans, Mexicans and others of Latin American descent in this country in the search and struggle for liberation politically, philosophically, and aesthetically. Another term recognizable in the struggle for liberation is "Chicano", which represents the need for people of Mexican descent to come to grips with the elemental fact of their identity..."(Camplis, in Noriega 286). Chicanos and other Latin Americans all have a distinct culture that shouldn't have to be conformed to or assimilated with American "standards". So, Cubans took a different approach to the whole notion of change or be segregated. Cuba...

Inventory and Reebok

When dealing with a market segment that has high variable demand, it is important to analyze not only your current inventory levels, but also generate future demand forecasts. This is because an inventory shortage can cause the company to lose future profits and lost goodwill. In the case of Reebok, the former NFL licensed jersey producer, many key decisions must be made to reduce inventory costs in periods of low demand while maximizing profits in periods of high demand for player specific jerseys.Using the newsvendor model to determine the optimal order quantity and leftover inventory, we will present a possible approach to inventory planning with uncertain demand. Uncertain Demand: Within the replica jersey industry, seasonality plays a vital part in keeping sufficient inventory to cover customer demand. Seasonality is regular periodic fluctuations, usually within a 12 month period whereas trend is an overall, persistent, long-term movement. For instance, â€Å"the NFL season dri ves much of the demand† with sales highest in August/September in anticipation of the upcoming NFL season. Later in the season, consumer demand is driven by holiday presents and the anticipation of the playoffs†. After the season is over, sales decline rapidly until the start of the next season. From a supply chain perspective, however, it is maximizing revenues from â€Å"lumpy† hot-market items as much as limiting obsolesce costs. Postponement: Reebok must order must it’s ordering decision at the start of a period, though it is concerned with inventory at the end of the period. Postponment allows Reebok to extend the life cycle of its jerseys as well as capture lumpy â€Å"dressed† product demand. Blank jerseys are shipped directly to the Reebok distribution center with no player name or number†. However, teams often change the style or color of their uniforms between seasons. Further, the consumer may want the latest and most up-to-date â₠¬Å"dressed jersey† for each individual player that they are a fan. Given â€Å"player demand changes so much from year to year† along with the fact that â€Å"player movements† occur during the off season (February to April), holding â€Å"dressed jerseys† at end-of-season is most risky.Indeed, â€Å"Reebok’s general practice is to sell leftover dressed jerseys at $7 but hold blank jerseys for next season†. End-of-season inventory: Reebok uses â€Å"blank† jerseys during the off-season to meet immediate demand for [popular] player movements, using its Indianapolis capacity to print (dress) up to 10,000 units per day. Given a lead time for all jerseys from contract manufacturers of 30 days, these â€Å"blanks† must already be on hand as end-of-season inventory to catch any player movement value during February, March and April.The 30 day lead time along with the 60 sea-shipping means ordering CM â€Å"dressed† jerseys can be delayed as late as May to meet the August rush, assuming CM’s have the blanks on hand. (CM’s carry 4 weeks inventory of blanks. Figure 5-11). In reality, the sequence by which inventory is added or subtracted does not matter. Jump-start ordering: In January/February, retailers are offered discounts so that 20% of their annual order arrives 8-12 weeks later, in May. This is a key strategy that Reebok needs to continually employ because it shifts inventory holding costs to retailers.It also allows Reebok to place orders with CM’s given a known demand. Then, throughout the rest of the year, retailers place up-to-level orders on a weekly basis. However, â€Å"we cannot be sure of inventory levels at any other point within a period (because of random demand)† MSD pg. 290. Reebok’s Management Focus: It takes 4-8 weeks on average for the Reebok contract manufacturers to deliver the jerseys to the warehouses from the beginning to end. While this is happ ening, the demand is changing before the jerseys even reach the warehouse.Thus it is critical that Reebok provide flexible contracts with the distribution centers to get their orders fulfilled on time. Reebok must work with their contract manufacturers to always make sure they have the appropriate resources and materials to deliver the quantities needed, as well as continuously maintain some level of inventory ready for customization and super-fast delivery; even air transport is available. Reebok should also continue to give the option of early order discount jerseys so that the retail distribution centers can have their own inventory prior to the season.By working with the both ends of the supply chain, Reebok can deliver up to date forecasting that will help all parties to virtualize inventory and respond quickly to demand, despite the uncertainty. Optimal Order Quantity with postponement To determine the Expected Profit-Maximizing Order Quantity for NFL replica jerseys given two options for finished goods, we must use two steps that give us two critical fractals; first, the probability of not stocking out and second, the The following information is given. Retailer wholesale price = $24 Discount price of unsold dressed Jersey = 7. Contract manufacturers’ price includes delivery to Reebok’s Distribution Center in India polis Cost of Blanked jersey, = $9. 50* Cost of dressed jersey from contract manufacturers = $10. 90* Blank jerseys can also be finish in Indianapolis for an additional cost of $2. 40 Cost of dressed jersey from Indianapolis= $9. 50 + $2. 40 = $11. 90 Holding costs are incurred for any jersey held-over to the following season, reducing the value of the unsold blanked jersey; this requires the assumption that the jersey would have been re-purchased at the initial purchase cost.Holding cost for unsold blank Jersey = $1. 045 Value of unsold blanked jersey = $8. 46 Step 1: Probability that demand for blank jerseys is less than Q: No stockout Co: Cost of overage = cost of blanked jersey – value of unsold blanked jersey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = 9. 5 – 8. 46 = 1. 04 Cu: Cost of underage = retailer wholesale price – cost of dressed jersey from Indianapolis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = 24 – 11. 9 = 12. 1 Step 2: Determining cost of finish jerseys from CM and finished jerseys from Indianapolis.Cost of overage = Cost of dressed jersey from CM – Discount price of unsold dressed Jersey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  = 10. 9 – 7. 0 = 3. 9 Cost of underage (blank is available) = Cost of dressed jersey from Indianapolis –  Cost of dressed jersey from contract manufacturers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  = 11. 9-10. 9 = 1. 0 Cost of underage (blank is unavailable) = retailer wholesale price – Cost of dressed j ersey from CM   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     =  24 – 10. 9 = 13. 1 As we know from step 1, the blank jersey has a 92% probability of not stocking out. Here is the cost of underage based on critical fractile of 0. 2 and using the costs from step 2. Cost of underage = 92% * cost of underage (blank is available) + (1 – 92%) * cost of underage (blank is unavailable)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   0. 92*1+0. 08*13. 1 = 1. 97 Demand Forecast for NFL Team, New England Patriots The following table was provided showing the forecast for the New England Patriots: The Expected Profit-maximizing Order Quantity use NORMINV(critical fractile,m ,s) in Excel The following example is calculating the quantity of dressed jersey of Tom Brady: Quantity of dressed jersey = NORMINV(0. 3,30763,13843) = 24673 Mean(blank jersey) = Mean(dressed jersey) – Quantity(Dressed jersey) = 30763-24673 = 6090 Quantity of blank jersey(New England Patriots) = NORMINV(0. 92,Mean(blank jersey) , Stdev of demand) = NORMINV(0. 92,37009,19211) = 64001 Revenue = retailer wholesale price * Total Demand = 24 * 87680 = 2104320 Cost = dressed jersey cost + blank jersey cost + decorate cost – inventory value   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = 10. 9 * 50671 + 9. 5 * 64001 + 2. 4 * 37009 – 8. 46 * (64001-37009) = 1020193 Profit = 2104320 – 1020193 = 1083527Leftover inventory expected to be Blank Jersey Leftover Quantity : 64001-37009 = 26992 Recommendations Referring to the newsvendor model, it is my recommendation that Reebok should use the newsvendor model to plan their purchasing. The purchasing cycle starts 14 months prior to the regular NFL season. Due to unpredictable demand, it is difficult to generate a reliable forecast. The purchasing plan should be to purchase the jerseys that have the highest probability to be the hot-market item. The second purchasing plan goes into much more detail than the first plan.The planning manager can use the newsvendor model t o forecast the optimal quantity for the dressed jersey and the blank jersey. The most important thing in the NFL season is updating player’s and team’ s performance and status of a draft. The newsvendor model provides a statistical and quantitative analysis solution. Reducing cycle time will improve responsiveness and reduce inventory requirements. Also reducing order fulfillment time is better for responding to the customer needs which improves the overall customer service level. Conclusion Inventory planning of NFL replica jersey is based on many factors.The complexity of market needs Reebok to respond quickly to the changes in the customer demand. It is impossible for Reebok to generate accurate forecast, but they can reduce supply and order lead time and properly assess the salvage value of the leftover blank jerseys. Reebok should not only improve their customer service to meet NFL licensing agreement, but also to maximize the profit. this analysis was to maximize the profit. The solution here is Reebok should hold relatively more blank jersey than dressed jersey, and postpone the decoration step until the demand is known.